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Data security software safeguards digital information from unauthorized access manipulation or theft. It encompasses multiple tools and technologies, such as encryption monitoring, logging and data loss prevention. It also includes procedures, policies, and tools for dealing hacks or data breaches.
Cybercriminals are a single threat vector affecting security of data, however human error is still the most common cause of breaches. Security tools for data have capabilities to detect mistakes such as putting sensitive files on shared drives and opening emails with incorrect attachments.
Limiting physical access to storage devices and servers is another crucial aspect of data protection. Physical measures can be such things as requiring employees sign in prior to entering a building. They should also include labeling and securing hardware so that only authorized personnel can access it. This is especially crucial for data centers that are cloud-based, where you might not be able to control the physical space.
Data security solutions protect data in transit and at rest by encrypting information so that only people with the correct keys can read it. This is typically a complimentary tool to firewalls, intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDS/IPS) and networks-based authentication systems.
A data security feature which is often not considered is user behavior analytics. This establishes baselines for normal activity and detects anomalies that could signal unauthorized access. This is usually found in systems that monitor the performance of relational databases, data warehouses and big data solutions.